What to do before you submit your dissertation proposal or manuscript

Few things are more dreaded than submitting our dissertation proposal or manuscript and receiving a notice to revise and resubmit. We work hard on our papers. We are sure they are perfect. So what is the problem?

Why reviewers might reject your dissertation

Institutional reviewers reject our dissertations for three main reasons:

  • We messed up the format.
  • We didn’t follow the style guide.
  • Our content is out of alignment or unclear.

Any of these can lead to rejection of our paper.

In this free e-guide, I describe each problem area in detail, offer some examples of what can go wrong, and give you a checklist and some tips on how to revise so you have the best chance of earning approval.

Download free e-guide Before You Submit

Follow this checklist to improve your chance of receiving approval

  • Did you follow your institution’s template?
  • Are your margins correct?
  • Do all text, tables, and figures appear within the margins?
  • Are you using an acceptable font style and size?
  • Is your line spacing double-spaced, except for the exceptions allowed by your institution?
  • Do you have a consistent number of spaces between sentences?
  • Did you apply Word styles to all your headings and subheadings, following APA style?
  • Did you auto-number your tables and figures?
  • Did you avoid any big gaps (white space) around your tables and figures?
  • Are your page numbers in the right place, showing lowercase Roman numerals in the front matter and Arabic in the paper itself?
  • Did you refer to all your appendices in the text? Are they arranged in the appendices in the order you mention them?
  • Did you update your table of contents?
  • Did you update your lists of tables and figures?
  • Did you review your paper for grammar, style, and punctuation errors, letting Word help you?
  • Did you spell check the paper?
  • Do the major elements in the paper align?
  • Did you cite all the ideas you “borrowed” from others?
  • Did you avoid wordy and ambiguous phrases?
  • Did you save your paper with the file naming format required by your institution?

Some insider tips from an academic editor

When I edit, I apply a three-stage process:

  1. First, page by page, I fix formatting problems. I set Word styles, add table and figure numbers, fix pagination, adjust line spacing, and generate the table of contents and lists of tables and figures.
  2. Next, I edit the paper line by line, fixing grammar, punctuation, APA style problems, citation issues, and formatting problems that I missed on the first pass.
  3. Finally, I switch to Full Screen Reading mode and read the paper for logic, content, transitions, and alignment among the elements (problem, purpose, research questions, and methods).

Using this process, I review each dissertation three times from three different perspectives: how it looks (format), how it reads (APA style, citations, grammar, and punctuation), and whether it makes sense and complies with academic standards (content, integrity, and clarity).

If you follow this process and complete the checklist, you can feel satisfied that you have addressed the main problems that could motivate your reviewers to reject your paper.

For details, download the free e-guide Before You Submit

Happy writing!

Giving up on your dissertation is not an option

Love Your Dissertation

For the past thirty days, I have been writing a long project. My goal was 50,000 words. I’m happy to say, I exceeded my word count goal within the allotted time. While I was writing, I hit multiple walls, contemplated giving up several times, and eventually came to understand that this was a job—a 30-day temp job.

Writing at this intense pace reminded me of writing my dissertation. I don’t have any magic medicine to offer you to help you accomplish your gargantuan dissertation task. However, I can offer you some insights from my writing process. In this post, I break down the thirty days into four phases.

Phase I: Denial: Surfing the pink cloud

When I started writing on Day 1 of my 30-day writing project, I was overflowing with enthusiasm. I had a good idea (it came to me in a dream). My outline made sense. My ducks were in a row, my planets were aligned, my support team members (friends and family) were shaking their pompoms. . . . What could possibly go wrong?

Nothing! I was eager to get started, and away I went. I dove in with conviction that this project was going to be great. Not just good, but great. After all, I’d had a dream about it! You can’t go wrong when you dream about your topic, right?

For the first two weeks, I wrote like a fiend, like a maniac, like a writing machine. I hardly took time to eat or sleep. I was on fire with the zeal of the writer who has grabbed a great idea by the tail and wants to cage it before it slinks back into the wild—or wherever it is ideas come from.

When I embarked on my dissertation, I had some similar pink-cloud moments. I thought I had a great idea. I studied all the articles in my field, I read all the books. I had a vision. My support team was in place, my direction seemed clear. I figured I would be done and defending in no time. Piece of cake.

Phase II: Horror: Bashing into the wall

Somewhere around Day 15 of my 30-day writing project, I hit the first wall. I’d just read what I’d written. I had the sinking realization that the structure of the project was flawed. My outline had steered me wrong! I started frantically rearranging sections according to a new outline. My daily average word count dropped like a rock. I saw my word count goal slipping away.

After crashing into the first wall and surviving (somewhat bruised), I clawed my way back on track, recouping my average daily word count. The next wall loomed in front of me a few days later. After reading what I’d written to that point, I realized, the structure was still wrong! Oh, the horror. At that moment, I felt like abandoning the project. I couldn’t see my way through. What had seemed like such a clear path from beginning to end had led me off the cliff into some snarled undergrowth. I was tangled in confusion and indecision. Which way to go? I couldn’t climb out of the ditch.

When I was working on my dissertation, I hit my first major wall when I was writing my dissertation proposal. I had a new chair; she was less enthused about my approach compared to my previous chair. I wrote draft after draft and couldn’t seem to get it right. Nothing made sense anymore. This was my long dark night of the soul. I could have quit, but I am not a quitter. I put my head down and kept trudging forward, which means I kept reading, writing, thinking, and writing some more.

Phase III: Acceptance: Realizing the impossibility of the task

Around Day 20 in my 30-day writing project, I was back on track with an outline I hoped would work, feeling extremely battered and not at all cocky. I didn’t know if I would be able to achieve my word count goal. It felt impossible. It probably was impossible. Yet I was not willing to give up. I could still see the bones of my project underneath my fumbling cloudy writing. I could still hear it begging to be born. I kept writing.

At that point, I took the leap of faith. I didn’t know what would happen or how it would happen if I finished my project; I just knew I had to keep going—even if I couldn’t fly, even if I crashed at the foot of the cliff (metaphorically speaking). I wanted my pink cloud back but I was older, wiser, and humbler now about my chances for success.   

When I was working on my dissertation, I crossed a similar threshold of acceptance. I thought there was a real possibility I would run out of time in my program. If I ran out time, I risked being dismissed from the Ph.D. program. Everything I had worked toward would have been lost. I’d invested years in this impossible journey. I closed my ears to my fears, hunkered down, and kept writing.

Phase IV: Commitment: Showing up for the work

Finally, I came to understand that I had committed myself to a 30-day temp job. Even though I was my own employer on this project, so to speak, I was required to suit up and show up, get the work done for the day with a minimum of drama, and come back the next day to repeat the task. At that point, the glamor had evaporated. The bubbly enthusiasm of the pink cloud was gone, but so were the fears: that my idea was dumb, that my project would never work, that I wasn’t good enough to succeed.

The fears were replaced with a deep sense of satisfaction with the process itself. Regardless of the outcome, I was having a blast puzzling out the best structure for my project. I was a detective following the clues. I could have fired myself from the temp job at any time, and once or twice, I almost did. But had I quit, I would have missed the gift of working like “a digger on the railroad,” as Ralph Waldo Emerson said, to bring my project into being.

There was a point in my dissertation writing that I knew I was going to make it. My idea was solid, my approach was logical, my data were robust, my analysis was thorough, and my write-up was valid. From that moment, it was as if I had crossed the field of poppies and I was running along the yellow brick road toward the Emerald City.

The approvals unfolded quickly. The defense happened. The pdf of the final manuscript was submitted to ProQuest. Some months later, my diploma arrived in the mail. I have it around here somewhere, I think. It’s a symbol, it’s evidence that I successfully navigated the long doctoral journey. I gained so much more than a diploma. I learned how to be a writer—from writing my dissertation.

What I learned

Other dissertators have different experiences. Some move along briskly, others not so much. I was a nontraditional dissertator at an online university. I received little support from my mentors and peers. I fell in multiple ditches, bashed into many walls, clawed my way out of brambles . . . it was not easy.

Nor should it be easy.

We build character by setting goals, making commitments, and showing up to fulfill them. We can change our minds, and sometimes we should. There’s no shame in pivoting away from a project that won’t help make the world better in some way. But sometimes the way to success is to roll up our sleeves, pick up that shovel (metaphorically speaking), and get busy digging that railroad.

Today I can say I dug my own personal railroad: Eighty-thousand words in thirty days.

Available now: Aligning the Elements

Dissertators often struggle to align the main elements of their research projects. This print or Kindle book offers suggestions from Dr. Carol’s own experience and reveals how other dissertators have aligned their research elements successfully and earned their doctorates.

Learn more

What is this mysterious thing called alignment?

“The term alignment refers to the logical progression of ideas between the structural elements of the dissertation. When our Chair and committee members talk about achieving alignment, they are referring to the logical progression from the introduction, to the problem statement, to the purpose statement, to the research questions and hypotheses (if we have a quantitative study), and finally to the methodology. Lack of alignment between dissertation elements is possibly the most common reason a dissertation proposal fails to receive approval.”

“The first time I heard the term alignment in relation to my dissertation, I was working on my concept paper (the precursor to the proposal), which had just been rejected by the graduate school reviewers. The biggest problem they identified was that the elements of my paper weren’t aligned. I was confounded. What elements? What alignment? Is that like when Mars aligns with Mercury?”

—Dr. Carol, Aligning the Elements, p. 4

How to align the elements of your dissertation proposal [infographic]

Are you confounded by the challenge of aligning the elements of your dissertation?

In simple language, I explain the basics of aligning the dissertation elements and answer all the questions you were afraid to ask your Chairperson:

  • What is this mysterious “alignment” thing?
  • What are the elements that need aligning?
  • How do I align my problem, purpose, and research questions?
  • How do I align my methodology and methods?
  • How do I align my assumptions, limitations, delimitations?
  • How have successful dissertators aligned their elements?

Download a PowerPoint slide show about aligning the elements of your dissertation

Alignment is possible and you can do it

This brief guide will help you corral your dissertation elements into a logical order. First, we’ll identify the elements we need to align. You are familiar with many of the culprits: The problem, purpose, and research questions are a few. Along the way, I show you what others have done to succeed and offer you some tips from my own experience as a dissertation editor and former dissertator.

Writing in a friendly, nonscholarly manner, I demystify the challenges of aligning the research elements. You will learn that alignment is a fascinating logic puzzle. This small yet powerful book will help you align your elements and achieve your dream of earning your Ph.D.

About the author

Carol M. Booton earned her Ph.D. in the social sciences. Since 2013, Dr. Carol has edited hundreds of dissertation proposals and manuscripts. In the Desperate Dissertator Series, Dr. Carol helps dissertators avoid the mistakes she (and many other dissertators) have made as they struggle to get approvals and finish their dissertations. Aligning the Elements is the second book of the series.

Learn more

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Books and resources

Aligning the Elements

In the second book of the Desperate Dissertator Series, I dig into a common problem dissertators face when preparing their proposals: aligning the elements of the dissertation. The elements of the dissertation usually include the problem statement, the purpose statement, the research questions, the theoretical framework, and the methodology and methods. Aligning these elements means ensuring they logically flow from one to the next. Lack of alignment is possibly the main reason proposals are not approved. In this book, I offer some tips to help you align the elements and show what other dissertators have done to succeed (it could be easier than you think).

Print version USD $15.99
Kindle version USD $7.99

Applying Theory

LYD-Applying Theory cover

Dissertators often struggle to choose and apply a theoretical framework to their research projects. In this helpful guide, I offer suggestions from my own experience. In addition, I reveal how other dissertators have applied theory successfully and earned their doctorates. Writing in a friendly, nonscholarly manner, I demystify the challenges of applying academic theory to a research project. You will learn that theory is nothing to fear—in fact, we all use theory all the time! With the help of this small yet powerful book, you will learn to master theory and achieve your dream of earning your Ph.D.

Print version $15.99
Kindle version $7.99

Resubmit! 28 ½ Reasons Why You Can’t Get Your Dissertation Proposal Approved

This comprehensive book is the missing link for dissertators who have struggled to get their proposals approved. This indispensable book bulges with insights, suggestions, examples, diagrams, and practical tips, written especially for the online dissertator who may receive little support during the proposal process. I present solutions to address twenty-eight potential reasons why you might be struggling to get your proposal approved. For example, you will learn how to write a clear problem statement, devise research questions and hypotheses, and align the elements of the proposal to facilitate speedy approval. I unlock the mysteries of Word and Excel to show you specifically how to use these tools for your proposals. Over 200 tables and figures show you exactly what to do. As a bonus, you will learn how to design a web-based survey and make a plan for fielding and analyzing the data. In this book, I cover it all to help you overcome obstacles and finish your dissertation.

Free templates and worksheets are available here.

Print version $29.99
Kindle version $9.99

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